Not too much more to say. Resolves Yes if there's an algorithm that can factor big integers before 2035 in polynomial time on a classical computer. Resolves No if it's 2035 and there's still no algorithm.
@KongoLandwalker I am not the market creator, but I feel confident the intent is the latter, if for no other reason than that there are trivial algorithms achieving the former.
Can we formalize this, at least a little bit?
To be maximally loop-holey, the algorithm f(n) = {7, 8} gives a set of factors for the set of integers {56} in constant time.
- Does this algorithm have to be able to factor all big integers? 
- Are we talking about prime factorization, or is giving any product of integers ok? 
- Is this is the worst case runtime? 
@DanMan314 Yes. Prime factorization. And yes, that's the definition of polynomial time algorithm I believe.